طول یا سرعت، مسئله این است
همۀ ما عاشق مسافرت هستیم تا وقتی که قرار باشد یک مسافت طولانی را طی کنیم؛ با هر کیلومتر افزایش طول مسیر، از انرژی و سرعت ما کاسته می‌شود و همچون لشکری شکست‌خورده درون خود مچاله می‌شویم. این موضوع ممکن است ما را به فکر نرفتن به مسافرت هم بیندازد و ترجیح بدهیم که عطای آن را به لقایش ببخشیم و بر روی مبل محبوبمان دمی را بیاساییم. داده‌ها و اطلاعات هم شبیه به آدم‌ها هستند س از مسافت‌های طولانی بدشان می‌آید و دوست دارند سریع به دست مصرف‌کننده برسند و افزایش طول شبکه آن‌ها را نارحت می‌کند که منجر به کاهش سرعت کابل شبکه می‌شود. در ادامه قرار است تأثیر طول کابل شبکه بر این داده‌های و حساس را بررسی کنیم و ببینیم دقیقاً چه اتفاقی در این مسافت‌های طولانی تنگ و تاریک رخ می‌دهد.
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برای دانستن تأثیر طول کابل شبکه بر سرعت و کیفیت آن، نیاز داریم که با کابل شبکه یا لن آشنا شویم. کابل شبکه یا کابل لن در شبکه وظیفۀ متصل کردن دستگاه‌های مختلف به روتر را بر عهده دارد و مسیر تبادل داده را ایجاد می‌کند. اتصال حاصل نسبت به اتصال بی‌سیم از مزایای زیر برخوردار است: امنیت و سرعت بیش‌تر، اختلال کم‌تر.
کابل‌های شبکه انواع مختلفی دارند و هر کابل با توجه به ویژگی‌هایش، محدودیت‌های منحصربه‌فردش را داراست. یکی از محدودیت‌ها دست‌وپاگیر و مرسوم، محدودیت طول کابل شبکه است. طول کابل بر کارایی آن اثرگذار است و کابل‌هایی با طول بیش‌تر از حد استاندارد باعث بروز مشکلاتی در شبکه می‌شوند. به منظور جلوگیری از بروز مشکلات، استانداردهایی برای طول کابل شبکه تعیین شده است که رعایت آن‌ها الزامی است.
عوارض طول غیراستاندارد
تأثیر استفاده از کابل‌های غیر استاندارد در موارد مختلفی خود را نشان می‌دهد که از آن جمله می‌توان به موارد زیر اشاره کرد:
سرعت انتقال داده: طول کابل شبکه با سرعت انتقادل داده رابطۀ عکس دارد و با افزایش طول، سرعت کابل شبکه کاهش می‌یابد. به همین علت، رعایت حدود استاندارد برای دستیابی به سرعت بهینه الزامی است. باید خاطرنشان کرد که کوتاه‌تر بودن از حد استاندارد نیز می‌تواند سبب ایجاد اختلال و تداخل در سیگنال‌ها شود.
نابودی داده‌ها: به کار بردن کابل شبکه با طول غیراستاندارد می‌تواند باعث نابودی داده‌ها شود که اگر این اتفاق در هدر داده‌ها رخ دهد سبب اختلال در فرآیند انتقال می‌شود.
کیفیت سیگنال: بر اساس اصول اولیه، افزایش طول کابل باعث افزایش مقاومت الکتریکی کابل شبکه خواهد شد و همین امر منجر به افت کیفیت سیگنال می‌شود.
تضعیف سیگنال: به مانند موارد قبل، اندازۀ بیش از استاندارد طول کابل شبکه منجر به کاهش دامنۀ موج سیگنال و قدرت سیگنال می‌شود.
تأخیر: تأخیر در عملکرد یک جز شبکه باعث کندی کل شبکه می‌شود. استفاده از کابل‌های طولانی، می‌توانند باعث ایجاد تأخیر در کل شبکه بشوند.
نویز: افزایش طول کابل شبکه زمینه را برای ایجاد نویز فراهم می‌آورد که این می‌تواند به اختلال در کل شبکه بینجامد.
مشکلات فیزیکی: افزایش طول کابل، زمینه را برای ایجاد ترک‌ها و آسیب‌های فیزیکی ایجاد می‌کند که در صورت اقدام به عیب‌یابی یا نصب مجدد، طول بیش از حد استاندارد مجدداً هزینه‌ها را افزایش خواهد داد.
تأثیر طول کابل شبکه بر سرعت کابل شبکه
کابل‌های شبکۀ معمول، دارای سرعت‌ها به شرح جدول زیر هستند:
| Category | حداکثر سرعت انتقال | حداکثر پهنای باند |
| Cat 3 | 10Mbps | 16MHz |
| CAT5 | 10-100Mbps | 100MHz |
| CAT5e | 1,000Mbps to 1Gbps | 100MHz |
| CAT6 | 10Gbps تا 55 متر | 250MHz |
| CAT6a | 10Gbps تا 55 متر | 500MHz |
| CAT7 | 100Gbps تا 15 متر | 600MHz |
| CAT7a | 100Gbps تا 15 متر | 1,000MHz |
| CAT8 | 40Gbps تا 10 متر | 2,000MHz |
با توجه به نکات بیان‌شدۀ فوق، افزایش طول کابل شبکه منجر به افزایش نویز، مقاومت الکتریکی، تضعیف سیگنال و… می‌شود که این موارد سبب کاهش سرعت کابل شبکه می‌شوند. با توجه به این موضوع، توصیه می‌شود که به هنگام خرید کابل‌های شبکه، با متخصصان این امر مشورت کنید و با توجه به نیاز کاری خود طول و نوع کابل شبکه را انتخاب کنید. برای مشاوره با متخصصین شبکه و همچنین خرید انواع کابل شبکه می‌توانید به وبسایت طیف‌سنتر مراجعه فرمایید.
جمع‌بندی
در شبکه‌های رایانه‌ای از کابل‌های مختلفی استفاده می‌شود که هر کدام دارای ویژگی‌ها و بالتبع، محدودیت‌های خاص خود هستند. طول کابل شبکه یکی از وپژگی‌های محدودکننده به شمار می‌رود که عدم توجه به استانداردهای تعیین‌شدۀ آن می‌تواند منجر به اختلال در کل عملیات شبکه شود. به همین علت، به هنگام خرید کابل شبکه باید توجه کرد تا طول کابل شبکه در حد استاندارد باشد تا بر عملکرد آن تأثیر نگذارد و سرعت آن را کاهش ندهد. امیدواریم که این مطلب برای شما مفید بوده باشد.
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