شبکه کامپیوتری به مجموعه‌ای از دو یا چند کامپیوتر گفته می‌شود که برای استفاده از منابع سخت‌افزاری و نرم‌افزاری مشترک و انتقال داده به یکدیگر وصل می‌شوند. برای اتصال کامپیوترهای مختلف در یک شبکه، از کابل‌های مختلفی استفاده می‌شود که امروزه با گسترش تکنولوژی این کابل‌ها کاربردهای بیش‌تری پیدا کرده‌اند. قطعا به عنوان یک تکنسین با کابل‌های شبکه آشنایی دارید و اطلاعاتی پیرامون خصوصیات هر کدام در اختیار دارید. اما تا به حال به تفاوت کابل شبکه Cat6 با Cat5 دقت کرده‌اید؟ کدام کابل شبکه گزینه مناسب‌تری است؟ با شناخت تفاوت انواع کابل شبکه، می‌توانید انتخاب مناسبی داشته باشید و میزان سرعت شبکه خود را تعیین کنید. در این مقاله سعی شده است تعریفی از کابل شبکه Cat5 و کابل شبکه Cat6 و تفاوت کابل شبکه Cat6 با Cat5 داشته باشیم.
تعریف کابل شبکه Cat5
از کابل شبکه Cat5 در بازه زمانی طولانی برای اتصال به اینترنت استفاده می‌شد. این نوع کابل شبکه از چهار رشته زوج سیم مسی ساخته شده است که با توجه به نوع کاربرد کابل در شبکه، می‌تواند مدل بدون شیلد یا شیلددار باشد. این نوع کابل Cat5 ، نسبت به مدل قدیمی‌تر خود، از پیچ خوردگی بیش‌تری برخوردار است. به همین دلیل این نوع کابل می‌تواند تا 100 مگابیتی سرعت را در شبکه پشتیبانی کند. استفاده از خطوط متوازن در این کابل، باعث بالا ماندن نسبت سیگنال به نویز با وجود تداخل به‌وجود آمده توسط منابع خارجی و دیگر زوج‌های سیمی شده است. کابل Cat5 دارای فرکانس صد مگا هرتز است و یک کابل شبکه صد متری می‌باشد. این کابل شبکه در ایران برای استفاده خانگی مثل مودم‌های اینترنت خانگی مناسب است. با آمدن نسل 6 این کابل‌ها، تفاوت کابل شبکه Cat6 با Cat5 مشخص شد.
تعریف کابل شبکه Cat6
برای بیان بهتر تفاوت کابل شبکه Cat6 با Cat5 باید بدانید که کابل شبکه cat6 از چه ویژگی‌هایی برخوردار است و با تفاوت انواع کابل شبکه آشنا باشید. با پیشرفت تکنولوژی و عرضه تجهیزات شبکه جدیدتر نیاز به سرعت در شبکه ها بیش‌تر از قبل احساس شد، به همین دلیل کابل شبکه Cat6 با ویژگی‌هایی جدیدتر از کابل شبکه Cat5 وارد بازار شد. پهنای باند در مدل شبکه Cat6 10 برابر از مدل قبلی بیش‌تر شد. پهنای باند کابل Cat6 از یک گیگابیت به ده گیگابیت رسید که این حجم از رشد قابل توجه بوده است. در کابل Cat6 از زوج سیم‌ها استفاده شده که به صورت در هم پیچ خورده می‌باشند. دلیل وجود پیچ و تاب در این سیم‌ها این است که مانع بروز اختلالات الکترومغناطیسی می‌شوند. بارزترین تفاوت کابل شبکه Cat6 با Cat5 در فرکانس آن‌ها است. کابل Cat6 از فرکانس 250 مگاهرتزی برخوردار است در حالی که فرکانس کابل cat5، 100 مگاهرتز است. یکی دیگر از تفاوت انواع کابل شبکه Cat6 و Cat5 در ضخامت کابل‌ها می‌باشد که به تفصیل توضیح خواهیم داد.
کدام نوع کابل مناسب‌تر است؟
برای انتخاب کابل مناسب‌تر لازم است بدانید که تفاوت کابل شبکه Cat6 با Cat5 در چیست؟ انتخاب نوع کابل به نیاز شما بستگی دارد. با توجه به نوع شبکه و شیوه استفاده شما باید اقدام به تهیه کابل شبکه مد نظر خود نمایید. برای استفاده در شبکه‌های بزرگ مانند شرکت‌ها و مراکز اداری و سازمان‌ها، که نیاز به انتقال صحیح و با سرعت داده دارند، توصیه می‌شود از کابل شبکه Cat6 استفاده شود. همان‌طور که قبل‌تر بیان شد، این نوع کابل پهنای باند بیش‌تری نسبت به Cat5 دارد و همچنین اختلالات الکترومغناطیسی و نویز کم‌تری در کابل‌های شبکه ایجاد می‌کند. اگر در شبکه خود از VoIP استفاده می‌کنید یا حجم انتقال داده‌های تصویری‌تان زیاد است، از کابل شبکه Cat6 استفاده کنید. اگر شبکه مورد استفاده شما کوچک‌تر است و سرعت انتقال داده‌ها اهمیت زیادی ندارد، کابل شبکه Cat5گزینه مناسبی است.
تفاوت کابل شبکه Cat6 با Cat5
معمولا کابل‌های شبکه Cat5 و Cat6 از جنس مس ساخته شده‌اند. با افزایش درجه خلوص مس آن‌ها، کابل شبکه از کیفیت بهتر و افت ولتاژ کم‌تری برخوردار خواهد بود و در مقابل قیمت آن هم طبیعتا افزایش پیدا خواهد کرد.
- در کابل‌های Cat6 بین هر دو زوج سیم، فویل گرفته تا نویز گیری بهتر انجام شود.
- در کابل های Cat6 قطر کابل افزایش پیدا کرده است.
- افت ولتاژ Cat6 تا حد زیادی پایین‌تر از Cat5 است.
- کابل‌های Cat6 برای مسافت‌های طولانی‌تر بهتر اند.
- کابل‌های Cat5 از سرعتی در حدود ۱۰۰mbs برای قابلیت جابجایی دیتا برخوردار هستند.
- کابل‌های Cat6 سرعتی حدود ۱۰۰۰mbs قابلیت جابجایی دیتا را دارا هستند.
کابل‌های Cat5 و Cat6 از چهار زوج سیم تشکیل شده که در آن‌ها دو رشته سیم وظیفه ارسال اطلاعات و دو رشته سیم وظیفه دریافت اطلاعات و چهار رشته بعدی فقط نقش کنترل نویز گیری را بر عهده دارند.
برای اتصال کابل‌های Cat5 و Cat6 به شبکه، از سر سیم های Rj-45 استفاده می‌شود که این سر سیم‌ها برای کابل‌های Cat5 و Cat6 متفاوت هستند.
کابل‌های Cat6 از پهنای باند 250MHz برخوردار هستند و برای استفاده در اترنت گیگابیتی طراحی شده اند. این كابل هم دارای نوع ارتقا یافته به نام نیز Cat6E است.
سخن پایانی
در این مقاله به تفاوت کابل شبکه Cat6 با Cat5، روش کار و ویژگی‌های آن‌ها پرداخته شد. همان‌طورکه می‌دانید انتخاب بهترین مدل کابل شبکه، در میان تنوع زیادی که از انواع کابل‌های شبکه در بازار موجود است، یکی از دغدغه‌های پرسنل این حوزه است. شما می‌توانید با مشاوره از متخصیص ما، این تفاوت‌ها را بهتر بشناسید و بهترین انتخاب خود را داشته باشید.
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